Showing posts with label KUBRICK. Show all posts
Showing posts with label KUBRICK. Show all posts

Friday, April 10, 2015

Nolan and Interstellar: The Burden of Themes

Interstellar (2014)
Dir. Christopher Nolan
Written by Jonathan Nolan and Christopher Nolan
Starring Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway, Wes Bentley, David Gyasi, Jessica Chastain, Michael Caine, John Lithgow, Casey Affleck, (one other person) and…. Topher Grace?




OVERTURE


There’s a moment in one of my favorite movies of last year, WHIPLASH, where the maniacally driven jazz music teacher played by J. Jonah Jameson explains why he’s so unfailingly brutal to his students: “There are no two words in the English language more harmful than ‘good job.’” What he means, of course, is that true greatness comes only through a constant, painful struggle to improve, and that the minute you slow that restless, relentless push and settle for merely being good, you’ll never be as great as you might had been if you has pushed on, tortured yourself practicing that one extra hour, spent one more night reworking that paragraph in your review of THE BLOOD BEAST TERROR, whatever.


There’s a truth to that, of course. True greatness is probably unattainable without true madness to accompany it, a pathological single-mindedness to refuse to accept the standards that everyone else has for success, an almost frightening need to go beyond, to break through to something else that no one could have imagined before. We might call that drive ambition. But here’s the problem: talent and ambition are not the same thing as greatness. You can start out talented, you can hone your talent, sharpen it, get better and better, but even J. Jonah Jameson had to admit that despite years of viciously pushing students to work harder, he never found one who was truly great. You can’t train yourself to be great. That’s something that can only arise from some accidental alchemy of fate and madness that unites talent with genius --that discrete and unique spark that engenders true originality, true vision-- at the right time and place. I’m sure Shakespeare worked real hard on his writing, but he was also an actor and also died at 52, and I’m gonna go ahead and guess he was getting laid pretty much on the regs, too. Not a lot of time for honing craft. I can almost guarantee that Stephen King has spent more time actually practicing writing than Shakespeare ever did, but no matter how good he gets he’ll never write a line like, “Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player (to paraphrase, yadda yadda yadda).” Blood, sweat and tears will take you a long way in art, but it can’t create something that isn’t there. There are a lot of highly intelligent, exceedingly hardworking physicists out there, but only one Einstein. Ultimately, for almost everyone, talent eventually bumps up against capacity. Mostly this is a fairly gentle end point, a gradual slowing of progress, an end to forward momentum but at a respectable and challenging high level. But sometimes, circumstances conspire to make this final collision of talent and capacity less a gradual slowing and more a full speed wreck directly into a brick wall. And when this happens, it’s inevitably because if there really are any two words more harmful than “good job,” they’ve got to be, “you’re a genius.”


Such is the unhappy circumstance of Christopher Nolan, the man who would be genius. The guy they finally ruined by convincing him that he wasn’t just talented, he was one of the greats. I mean, I feel for this poor guy, I really do. I’m gonna say some mean things about his movie here, but I really don’t think it’s entirely his fault. He has so many good qualities. Seriously, this is an enormously talented man: he makes sharp, extremely well-crafted movies which are often hugely entertaining, feature ridiculously gifted casts and consummately professional craftsmen behind the scenes. I appreciate his stark, crisp visuals and his ability to construct (and, especially, edit) simply riveting suspense sequences. And his writing (with brother Jonathan) is nothing to sneeze at either; the screenplays often boast some legitimately witty, tightly structured dialogue, which in the mouths of the talented casts he assembles can be a joy to hear.  

hold on guys I got to text my bff


But there have always been problems. His remake of INSOMNIA was the first time I noticed that while his movies look nice, his coldly vivid visual style and harsh editing don’t always lend themselves very well to atmosphere and visual poetry. And then THE PRESTIGE, which features so many amazingly fun elements, was just narratively a disaster, full of outrageous and nonsensical plot elements that fall apart at even the slightest poke of consideration. That it expects us to take seriously a world where anyone can effortlessly find their exact double with a cursory survey of the local bars is the least of its problems: it’s also packed with nonsensical character development, major characters that seem to directionlessly fade in and out of relevance, and unearned cheap twists stacked so high they teeter and collapse into incoherence. It’s still so much fun that it works, but it should have been a red flag of what was to come.


And then BATMAN happened. And the nerds on the internet who had previously been forced to deal with the indignity of their childhood obsessions being adapted to the screen more or less as they were actually presented in the comic books finally got the movie that validated their fiercely defended arrested development fixation on making things dark and gritty to prove that superheroes are serious and important. And the movies believe that. Oh, lordy, how they do believe that. Those movies were about something, god damn it. Something important. You know, issues. And just to be sure you didn’t miss them, they make sure to have several characters clearly state aloud what the issues are and describe explicitly how they’re resolved. Sure, they have a little embarrassing kiddie stuff with a guy in a bat suit but mostly they’re seriously for real grown up art about deep meaning. The fact that these “deep” themes were explicitly stated aloud in the movie only made their case stronger, because it meant they were impossible to miss. Millions of punishingly literal nerds deeply skeptical about the supposed subtext in The Scarlet Letter finally got a piece of art that they couldn’t help but understand, and they wanted to make sure that all the squares and naysayers understood just how brilliant it was.


Now, let’s be clear: I enjoy all three DARK KNIGHT movies; they all have obscenely gifted casts, engrossing and densely layered plots, and almost always a couple legitimately finely-crafted sequences (I consider the heist that opens THE DARK KNIGHT to be one of the finest and most exciting pieces of genre filmmaking of its decade). I think Nolan really is an immensely talented director, capable of doing some absolutely first-class work, particularly in crafting finely-honed and deftly-edited suspense scenarios. But from BATMAN BEGINS onward, it simply became increasingly impossible to ignore his obvious shortcomings: unfocused and overplotted narrative, over-literal visualizations, clumsy subtext, and a general desire to pile on as many ideas and gimmicks as possible without any serious interest in actually pursuing where they might lead or how they work in the overall structure of a movie. Which, hey, I wouldn’t necessarily even have a problem with, except that he’s so concerned about us taking them seriously that the the films almost seem apologetic when they’re forced to get down to the actual business of... being about superheros. You know, that thing they’re supposedly about. Ultimately, their ambition to be big and complicated and full of themes undercuts their actual functionality as effective stories.

Cut! Something about this just isn't feeling realistic enough. Anne, when you jump the motorcycle over the flying saucer while wearing your supergoggles, try and really draw on some real experience, I think the audience will respond to that authenticity.

I appreciate ambition, and moreover I think it should be obvious from my body of work here at this blog that I not only have the ability to appreciate ambitious failures, but I have a tolerance vastly higher than the average fellow. But ambition is ultimately a tool -- it’s only as good as the task you use it for. Ambition in service and pursuit of a goal is almost always going to impress me, even if that goal is not attained; ambition for its own sake, though, is something else again -- masturbatory, meaningless, self-referential. If it’s not in service of some actual artistic end, it tends to just sit there cluttering things up and impeding our view of any actual content, which is exactly what began happening to Nolan as people started hyping him more and more. And as we all distinctly recall from my epic bout with the MAN OF STEEL, success only seemed to exacerbate the problems to the point that no one could possibly miss them.


Or, so I thought. But the nerds run the world now, and they had their big serious gritty comic book movie and quickly made it one of IMDB’s top rated movies of all time.* And then people started to notice that not only were the movies about issues, but they had a distinct cinematic style, even one of those auteurial voices you always hear about. And they thought about other famous artists you could say those things about. And then they started doing the one thing that was absolutely certain to destroy the poor guy.


They started comparing him to Kubrick.


And that’s when that word “genius” started getting tossed around.


“Like Kubrick. ”No two words ever poisoned a career quite as much as that. Once people start throwing those words around, you’re finished: if you just make fun, well-crafted entertainment, they’ll be forever disappointed. But if you were going to make mind-blowing, boundary-pushing, culture-defining works of art, you would have done it already. What’s a guy to do?


It’s kind of unfair, really; it reminds me of that old Mitch Hedberg bit about how as soon you get to be a good stand-up comedian, everyone starts asking you to do other things “Alright, you’re a cook. Can you farm?” Here’s a guy that has made some real entertaining medium-concept genre movies, and suddenly just because he made a better Batman movie than Joel Schumacher, you want to tell him he’s not just a good director, he’s important. Nerds are a demanding lot. Nobody ever asked Willie Nelson to compose a baroque symphonic opera or compared him to Thelonious Monk -- they just accepted that he was already doing what he liked and was good at. And the fact that he didn’t write percussive dissonant improvisational jazz never seemed like a failing; it was just being honest about who he was and where he came from. But three self-serious but easy-to-understand Batman movies later, and this guy couldn’t just be good anymore -- he had to be the chosen one.


This is the hell that poor Nolan finds himself in. He’s a wonderful craftsman, capable of creating some real gripping cinema. But having toyed with the notion of real artistic ambition, there’s no going back now. He’s got to either produce a masterpiece or admit that he’s just an overhyped journeyman with above-average financial discipline and technical chops. Now what he has to prove has finally become more important than anything he actually has to say.


CANTOS.


Thus, INTERSTELLAR. Perhaps the ultimate cinematic expression of the insecure triumph of ambition over actual ideas. This is the movie version of a Bruce Campbell Q-and-As where every single fucking neckbeard who ever watched EVIL DEAD 2 has to stand up and ask some inane question which has already been fully answered, and that question inevitably adopts the venerable form of the rambling personal anecdote. Why do they do this? Because the point is not to have a question answered, the point is to say something, to hear your own voice in the same room with the big guy. 

INTERSTELLAR is a movie which is desperate to say something big, something profound. It needs to, it only exists as a vehicle to be deep and impressive. I mean, it sure as fuck doesn’t exist for the story. But Nolan simply ain’t that profound a guy. And so the only thing he can think to do is to try and throw the kitchen sink at the problem, burying any direct view of the hollow center under a million busily working moving parts. While it can keep you distracted, it does manage to seem kind of epic: I mean, there’s that huge cast of great actors, there’s a raft of wordy hard sci-fi jibber jabber, an equally bloated compliment of soppy mawkish weepy melodrama, the future of humanity hangs in the balance, people are constantly quoting Dylan Thomas, like, all the time. There’s that massive runtime of 170 minutes, the majestic score by Hans Zimmer. There’s that 165 million bucks they spent. It’s big, no doubt. It’s just also almost totally empty of anything of more than a passing interest, and for the first time in Nolan’s career, he’s made a movie slow enough that it can’t keep you distracted from that fact all the way through. None of those parts add up to anything. They just sit there, furiously grinding away, trying to achieve greatness through sheer accumulated mass.


It doesn’t work.

allright allright allright

I’m gonna just say it: I thought a lot of this movie was straight up terrible, an absolutely embarrassing flailing of someone who’s been told they’re a genius to try and say something deep without really having the imagination to back it up. There are good things about it, of course, just as there are in every Nolan movie. There’s a handful of neat little ideas scattered around the mammoth runtime. More than a few pretty images. But not nearly enough to even remotely make up for its flaws. It’s a narrative disaster, a mess of half-sketched out characters with embarrassingly juvenile one-note motivations, or simply no motivation at all except what the plot requires in order to mechanically ape some kind of drama. It’s just so tortuously scripted, so desperate to be big and sweeping and emotional and be EPIC with all caps that it tangles itself up and never even remotely accomplishes any of those goals. Not a fucking second of this thing rings true on an emotional level, despite all the best efforts of the ridiculously talented cast. And of course not, because none of these plot points thinly disguised as characters have enough actual development for any of this to mean anything that Nolan doesn’t explicitly tell us it means.


Basically, the story is about a post-apocalyptic world wherein for some unspecified reason crops of all kinds are being affected by blight, making it increasingly impossible to grow the food mankind needs to survive. (Or anyway, it would have made it impossible before we knew about pathogens which cause blight and what to do about them. Since this isn’t 1630, it seems like with a little selective quarantine and grow-house know-how this whole problem could be easily solved, but what do I know, I’m not the genius here.) One of the last few crops which still grows for some reason is being grown by hunky single father Joseph “Coop” “Super Dooper” Cooper (Matthew McConaughey, FAILURE TO LAUNCH) who never misses an opportunity to whine that society is keeping him down by making him waste his time growing valuable food for mankind instead of being an astronaut. You might be tempted to feel a little sorry for him until an exquisitely absurd plot device directs him to NASA’s secret underground hideout, where they explain that the Earth is doomed and our only hope is to A) send a rag-tag group of scientists led by Bruce Willis Matthew McConaughey out into space to find a new blight-free planet for humanity to live on or B) Launch humanity into space in giant flying space stations (I’m not sure why they think either of these options will help with their blight situation, since I’m pretty sure humanity is still going to need food either way, but they seem pretty sure that these are the only two possibilities. One can’t help but wonder if the Department of Agriculture wouldn’t be a better place to spend the rest of Earth’s money, instead of building an interstellar spaceship. But again, I’m not the genius here).

Do not go gentle into that good acting.

Anyway, it’s a good thing that Cooper turns up, because even though these NASA eggheads (Michael Caine, THE HAND) just spent years building a massive spaceship, they realize at the last minute that they don’t have anyone to fly it, and ask if he’d be interested in the whole “saving humanity” gig. Having spent the entire movie up to this point whining that he never got to go into space and no one recognizes how awesome he is, McConaughey immediately declines because he doesn’t want to leave his kids behind on Earth. But when it’s pointed out that the kids are technically part of humanity and hence in the same general category as the group the mission is trying to save, he agrees. They’re in space about 18 seconds before he starts whining about how unfair it is that he’s now up in space and, due to the long distances and the issues of relativity, is totally going to miss a few birthday parties, a whining which will grow in intensity but not eloquence as the movie progresses for hour after painful hour. But his whining is nothing compared to his daughter Murphy’s Law Cooper,** who will gradually grow into a bitter adult Jessica Chastain (LAWLESS) who is, 30 years later, defined by the single, solitary personality trait of still being bitter at her father for leaving her to go and save all of mankind. That the movie expects this to be not just considered reasonable but sympathetic behavior should be as a good an indication as any about how familiar the Nolans are with actual human beings.


And oh, the fucking whining. Everyone in this movie is whining all the time. I think that’s the actual high concept sci-fi idea here: it’s not the blight, it’s that they’re trapped in a post-apocalyptic dystopia where mankind has been transformed into a bunch of whiny space weiners. When he’s on Earth, Coop can’t fucking stop whining about how he never got to go to space. As soon as he’s in space, he’s whining that this is taking too long and he wants to go home. Murph has exactly one emotion in the movie, and it’s petulantly whining that daddy left to save humanity. Crewmember Anne Hathaway (THE CAT RETURNS, English dub) whines they can’t take her on a booty run, one robot is always whining about the other one, a spoiler-y character they encounter later on delivers his whole role like a 6-year old who’s missed nap time. The only person who doesn’t constantly whine is Topher Grace, who seems as surprised to be there as we all are to see him turn up out of the blue in the last 20 minutes. (Side note: Is he Murph’s boyfriend or trusty manservant or something? When he’s introduced it seems like he’s just some doctor they met at the hospital, but then later he’s driving around with her taking orders, so… I don’t even really know what to make of that. Anyway, good job, Topher Grace, you manage to be less irritating than everyone else here by virtue of having even less character. But why he or anyone else can tolerate this adult woman in the midst of a 30-year-long temper tantrum at her daddy is even less explicable.)

Well, now that we've gotten out and walked around I can safely say this planet has too much water.


The subplot with Murphy on Earth is by far the movie’s most asinine, unless you want to count the tearful monologue Anne Hathaway delivers later on, an insane rambling rant about how love transcends dimensions which may be the single most embarrassing thing I’ve ever heard an A-list actor in a major movie attempt to make work. But although the rant does come up again I don’t think it qualifies as a subplot; it’s the movie’s most embarrassing moment, while Murphy retains the title of most embarrassing plot (no small feat, since there are about four movies worth of plots stuffed in here). This is the kind of movie where you have to distinguish such things in order to do the superlatives justice.


The Murphy subplot is worth suffering through, however, because ol’ Coop is totally devastated leaving her behind and constantly weeps and moans about wanting to get back to her. That’s not so funny in itself except that remember, he actually has two kids -- he has another adult son played by Casey Affleck who he openly does not give a single shit about, to the point that when his long journey is at its end, he doesn’t even ask about him. It’s so weird and out of line that it gradually becomes hilarious in an uncomfortable Tim and Eric sort of way, something you got to savor in a movie which is generally so dire. The movie inexplicably seems to share Coop’s disdain for the son, randomly turning him into a villain at the end with no explanation whatsoever except that Affleck has been consistently playing him like a serial killer all along for no apparent reason. I have no idea why this character is even here, because he serves no function even as a plot device; The Nolans give him literally zero character motivation (as opposed to the single character motivation it lavishes on Murph) making every action he takes a dada-esque exercise in baffling context-free abstraction.


Affleck’s not the only one who flounders here; despite an enviable cast, every one of these characters is just so ridiculously one-dimensional that the idea of ever actually being emotionally invested never even enters into it. Every character has --at most-- exactly one motivation that they relentlessly harp on and explicitly explain over and over and over. But it’s nothing that seems to arise naturally from their character or situation, it’s just the thing that Nolan needs them to do for there to be drama. You could probably excise every single emotional line in the movie and not really affect the main story at all. It feels so tediously calculated and grafted on that it barely seems worth it to even act it out, Nolan might as well just write it up in intertitles and save the cast the indignity of having to explain. The script needs to inelegantly spell the drama out because if they didn’t outright explain it, you’d have no possible way of ascertaining why everyone was crying all the time, since there’s not really any context for it. Of course, once you actually hear their problems, they’re so childish and ridiculous compared to the gravity of their situation that it lurches past drama into some rich, ripe camp.

Say, is that the fifth dimension I see? You know, love?

I could go on about all the ridiculous bullshit in here, for example how these scientists with years of their lives spent traveling to distant planets appear totally unable to imagine a method of determining if a planet is hospitable other than visiting it in person, or for another example that the movie ends up resolving with one of those tedious time travel paradoxes where in order for the movie to make any sense someone has to travel back in time and cause a bunch of plot devices, even though if they could actually affect the past it would make more sense to go back and just do everything differently instead of enabling the same course of events which went so poorly the first time. But whatever, in the end that’s just a bunch of nitpicking. When you find yourself nitpicking, you gotta admit that the problem isn’t really the nits you’re picking, the problem is that you’re noticing them instead of being invested in the story. If the movie was working, you wouldn’t be bothered by them because you’d be having fun. INTERSTELLAR certainly doesn’t make substantially less sense than those goofy giallos I loves so much, but those repay the suspension of disbelief with a lot more cheap thrills. I’m happy to tolerate a generous dose of ridiculousness in exchange for a fun time at the movies. Or even an interesting one. Unfortunately that’s where this whole thing really falls apart. I’ve liked and even loved movies which failed much more spectacularly on more levels than this one does; the difference is that INTERSTELLAR --by design-- bets it all on its ability to blow your mind, and that, alas, is the area it fails the most dispiritingly.


The problem is that the Nolan Brothers’ usual weakness for dialogue that spells out their intended themes finally reaches what I can only assume will be its zenith here, by fully and unabashedly divesting from the actual content of the movie it’s supposedly in. As wise old sage Mr. Majestyk pointed out in his infamous review of THE DARK KNIGHT, Nolan’s achilles heel is that he doesn’t trust the tools of cinema to communicate ideas. He obsessively tells, when he should just show. That’s bad enough cinematic etiquette in itself, but the heart of the problem with INTERSTELLAR isn’t just shoddy storytelling, it’s that the things we’re told seem to inexplicably clash with the things we’re actually seeing, totally undercutting any possibility of the experience having much impact.


We’re told that humanity is on its last leg, that people are starving and crops failing. But all we actually see is an apparently happy --even kinda nostalgic-- agrarian community which by all appearances seems to still be functioning pretty well decades after Coop leaves Earth. We’re told that Anne Hathaway is in love with this one dude to the point where she’s ready to endanger the mission (and hence all of humanity) to be with him, but we never see this person or learn anything about their relationship or what it means to her. We’re told that a certain character is supposed to be a beloved genius, but we only see him acting childish and idiotic. The score and the visuals tell us that we should be filled with awe at the sci-fi spectacle we’re experiencing, yet the characters are all whining constantly about how unfair it is they have to go on this mind-bending space voyage and get more annoyed with each new place they encounter. We’re told that Murph and Michael Caine (regrettably afflicted with some kind of unusual tourette syndrome that makes him spontaneously recite the first lines from Dylan Thomas’ Do Not Go Gentle Into that Good Night every few minutes) are working to save the human race with science, but although we see them standing in front of chalkboards with numbers on them, we never see them actively working towards that goal (and in fact, are later told that, spoiler, one of them was actually not working towards that goal, and was in fact just fucking around wasting time. I knew you should have checked his showboating Globetrotter algebra!).


Most damningly of all, we’re told a bunch of self-conscious hard sci-fi trivia,*** but the film’s central conflict is resolved with a bunch of deus ex machina magic (if you’re going to say “5 dimensional superbeings saved them!” you might as well just say “Elves saved them!” it amounts to the same thing.) If there’s one thing the movie seems to unambiguously want to be, it’s serious hard sci-fi science porn; it was written with physicist Kip Thorne, who wrote a book about the science behind the screenplay and did cutting-edge mathematical calculations to make sure the time dilation was accurate, for crissakes! But then the message ends up being that the fifth element is love! For a movie with so much obsessive focus on science, it ends up being surprisingly anti-scientific: science utterly and definitively fails, and only paternal love (daughter variety only) and ultradimensional superbeings are able to save mankind! If that’s not a perfect symbol for how blatantly the Nolan bros undermines their own apparent intentions, I don’t know what is.

Going hole hog.

Bottom line: It’s a movie where the script and the direction often seem at odds with each other, sometimes running parallel and other times simply heading in opposite directions, but almost never on the same page. Fittingly, the few times when the movie does work are the ones with no dialogue. Coop’s wordless devastation upon viewing a cache of videos from his kids is the only emotional beat in the entire film which feels legitimate, even if its a bit unearned. There’s a mostly dialogue-free action sequence where Coop gets to put his piloting skills to use on an out-of-control spaceship which conjures some fitful but genuine suspense. When the crew can shut up and stop whining for a few minutes, Nolan’s practical effects can look quite stunning (in particular the rendering of a wormhole as a distorted sphere) though I must admit I have no idea how they spent 165 million bucks on a movie which looks about comparable to SILENT RUNNING (which is to say, good, but come on). And the austere majesty of the mostly real-world planetscapes is breathtaking (though, of course, since they’re actually filmed on this planet, we saw them already in that Planet Earth series, and they looked better there) until the movie remembers to return to the tedious personal drama happening there. It’s funny, because it’s obvious that these details are both where Nolan’s talents and his interests lie, and yet the movie indulges in these actual strengths only rarely, and apologetically insists on following them up with a bunch of chatty bullshit. As soon as it starts having fun, it has to collect itself and remember that it’s a very important movie quite above anything so callow as entertainment. It’s frustrating, because the movie so plainly comes to life in these scattered moment (in a way which it doesn’t for all the silly blather about love being the fifth dimensions) that it quickly becomes apparent that Nolan isn’t interested in the claptrap any more than we are, he’d rather just tell an awesome space story with a bunch of cool sci-fi gimmicks. But alas, that albatross of labels --Kubrick, genius, visionary-- has bullied him into believing that he needs to clutter things up with a bunch of faux-intellectual dramatic bullshit that he doesn’t care about and the movie doesn’t need, or else we won’t take him serious.


Obviously, there are things I liked here**** and even in the face of pretty weak results, you do sort of have to appreciate what Nolan was shooting for. How many other directors could get these resources together for a talky, science-porn 170 minute behemoth that isn’t even based on a comic book or something? (It was the only film in 2014 to crack 100 mil without being a sequel, remake, or adaptation, how’s that for a truly disheartening statistic?) I sort of gave Nolan a pass on his last effort just for that reason; you don’t get silly melodrama this scale very often, and I thought it was just barely effective enough to work as an interesting cultural novelty. But he can’t pull off the same trick this time, there’s simply not enough going on here to draw you into its world and coast on pure spectacle, nor does the drama prove anywhere close to engrossing enough to pass the time. And really, it secretly doesn’t care about those things anyways. The movie is here with the single minded purpose of impressing you and blowing your mind, but it just plain doesn’t have the goods to accomplish that goal. A light smattering of science-porn doesn’t add up to depth. And absent any mind-blowing, there turns out to be surprisingly little movie here, despite all the money and superficial busyness of the plot.

You've just taken your first step... into a larger world. No, literally this time.

Ultimately, its ambition is its undoing, sabotaging any good instincts in rabid pursuit of an utterly unearned sense of self-importance. This is a movie so desperately fearful you won’t take it seriously that it’s willing to do something as hilariously cumbersome as to NAME one of its female characters “Murphy’s Law”, just so that there won’t ever be a single second of the movie where you’re not achingly aware that it’s about ideas and stuff. But just plopping ideas down and writing a thin framework of plot around them turns out not to be enough; ideas are important, but cinema is a many-splendored thing -its about ideas, about story, about sound, about visuals, about timing, about the strange alchemical mixture of all these things. If you neglect any of those aspects, you’re really going to have to exceed in the others to balance it out, and INTERSTELLAR, despite some cursory gestures, is simply too in love with its own sense of importance to do that. For every bit of genuinely nifty sci-fi, there’s at least an equal helping of pompous overwrought lecturing which, like a black hole, quickly collapses under its own oleaginous mass and starts shrinking. Like the guy at the party who’s lived somewhere unusual, it might actually be genuinely interesting if it wasn’t so in love with the sound of its own voice that it gradually becomes first a chore, and then an irritation.


I don’t think Nolan is a genius, but he clearly has the goods to deliver top-quality cinema when properly motivated, so its a shame that the hype has done this to him. And hell, even true geniuses make mistakes; look at all the Nobel Prize winners who went on to promote embarrassing and insane ideas in fields they didn’t really understand properly. The wisest among smart people understand their limitations, as well as their strengths. There’s probably a good reason you never saw Kubrick directing a BATMAN movie: he wasn’t interested in it, and wouldn’t have been well-suited for it. And that’s OK. If Nolan has anything to learn from Kubrick, it’s probably this lesson: embrace what you’re good at, and make it fiercely your own. Real genius isn’t about being all things to all people; it’s finding a unique voice which is bolstered by your own talents. Alas, it seems like Nolan drifts further away from from this concept with every film. It wouldn’t take an interstellar odyssey to put him back on the right path, but given his recent inclination to believe every molehill needs to be a mountain, I’m not especially inclined to believe it’ll be a simple journey. In a career, as well as in a movie, sometimes it’s easy to forget that the simple and effective can be a lot more impactful than the epic and grandiose. If he can get back to that, I for one think the most constructive thing you could possibly say would be, “good job.”


And yes, I’m well aware of the irony of using 5,500 words to make that point. In space, no one can hear you read. The end.


* Currently #4, right behind SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION and the two GODFATHERS, and dozens of places higher than a single Chaplin, Hitchcock, Wells or Kubrick film, let alone an Ozu or Fellini or something.


** Yes, really. Or maybe it’s just “Murphy,” I don’t think they specify her middle name, but I think it’s safe to assume.


*** My favorite being the now hilariously-familiar explanation of a wormhole via a folded piece of paper; its funny enough that two NASA scientists have to have this conversation as if it’s the first time one of them was hearing about it, but its even better because its almost an exact replica of the scene from EVENT HORIZON where Sam Neill does the same thing with a porno mag. Probably not the comparison Nolan was looking for.


**** Biggest pleasant surprise: I like the two black rectangular (ha! get it? it’s like 2001!) robots. They get all the best lines, and actually get to be funny most of the movie, something of an overlooked talent of the Nolan bros.

Hey guys, just a thought, uh, it suddenly occurs to me that going to another planet has nothing to do with fixing crop blights. So... yeah.

Tuesday, December 3, 2013

The Shining


The Shining (1980)
Dir. Stanley Kubrick
Written by Stanley Kubrick, Diane Johnson
Starring Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd, Scatman Crothers




Now, I usually don’t write about horror movies that I’ve seen before, and in the case of THE SHINING that rule should hold especially fast, because Jesus, what is else is left to say about THE SHINING? Oceans of ink and uncountable 1's and 0's have been spilled on this topic, not to mention numerous documentaries and video features so exhaustive that the most recent one, ROOM 237, is devoted entirely to rants from four unrelated and unqualified kooks who all have different, mostly insane, theories as to what it all means.


But of course, you know what it all means. It’s about the genocide of the American Indians. I mean, look at the Calumet Indian Heads! Could it be any more obvious?


OK, so that goes without saying. I’m on the fence about whether or not it means Kubrick faked the moon landing, but the Indian thing is pretty much proved by this point. The Math checks out. Dude, this whole nation was built on an Indian Burial Ground. Look at the damn tapestries, Jesus. If anything, it's a little too obvious. Try to be a little more subtle next time, Stanley, you're laying it on a little thick.


So anyway, lots of themes, but the one that struck me this particular time isn’t about Indians or Moon Conspiracies, it’s about a slightly less exotic theme which runs through many of Kubrick’s films: weak men pushed into violence by a system which plays on their insecurity. Of all the Kubrickian characters who end up in this cycle of shame and violence, Nicholson’s Jack Torrance may well be the most extreme case. And to see how, we need only to examine the two performers at the center of this little tale: Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall.


The thing that got me thinking about all this was watching Duvall’s work this time around. We all know the stories, how Kubrick constantly browbeat her on set, forcing her to do take after take, breaking her down to the point that she started to fucking lose her hair from stress, while at the same time treating her co-star Nicholson like an old chum. By now we also understand that he had a good reason to do this: he wanted to cultivate a particular power dynamic between them, with Nicholson as the self-aggrandizing, borderline abusive husband and Duvall as the mousey, beaten-down wife. And man, does it work: Duvall never looks more than a few second away from being completely overwhelmed by tears of despair, while Nicholson struts around like he owns the place, becoming completely enraged at even the smallest perceived slight.




So the dynamic works, but man, does it not make you want to side with Duvall’s character. And it's because of something fundamental, but seldom discussed, about the way we interact with fiction: we’re always going to gravitate towards the entertaining character, not the nice one. We’ll take a fascinating anti-hero over a bland do-gooder any day of the week. So, Nicholson with his wild-man charisma turned all the way up to 11, versus sniveling, downcast waif Duvall? Gee, which one of these two characters do we end up liking more? Even though Nicholson’s Jack Torrance has exactly zero redeeming qualities, we’re much more interested in him, and the film clearly posits him as the central character. That gives audiences licence to adopt his point-of-view, and consequently identify with him, even when's he's objectively the villain. And --in my experience, anyway-- they do identify with him, and do so consistently. I can’t tell you how many people have expressed to me their annoyance with Duvall’s Wendy, even bemoaned that Jack doesn’t kill her(!) -- even though she’s shown to be nothing if not a loving, decent, and even practical person. But what can you say, right? Nobody likes a wet blanket, in real life and especially in movies. We want to see decisive action and charisma, and we’re not really too picky about the who’s and why’s.


Except, that’s not the way I felt watching it this time. For the first time ever, I started to really appreciate these two character not as icons, but as people -- and it leads me to believe the movie is even more brilliant than I realized. I think if you took a survey of SHINING fans, I bet you'd find a general consensus that Jack is a cool guy who just gets unlucky, and that his wife is a whiny bitch. Certainly I've heard that sentiment expressed more than a few times. But actually that perspective is entirely unsupported by the events of the movie. In fact, Jack is a complete loser, an utter failure on every imaginable level, both professionally and personally, whereas Wendy is actually surprisingly proactive and effective, despite being tied down by this (understandably) insecure piece of shit.




Let’s look at who Jack Torrance is. He’s taking this thankless, probably poorly-paid job at the hotel, a job which could easily be done by anyone with a pulse (in fact, he’s even kind of unqualified for that -- who do you see doing actual work to maintain the hotel, Wendy or Jack?). It’s an utterly demeaning assignment which requires only that the person doing it live in a specific place for a few months, which is literally all that Jack seems capable of doing at this point in his life. Just how big a fuckup is this guy? All we know about his past is that it’s a history of failures. He considers himself a writer, but to all appearances has no published or notable works. Maybe he just doesn’t mention them, you might argue. Yeah maybe, but come on, does this douchebag really seem like the kind of guy who would be shy about hyping up any modicum of success that came his way? If he had so much as a published traffic report, he would be smugly dropping that into every single conversation he could rope some unwilling passerby into, and you know it.

At any rate, his writing definitely hasn’t been paying the bills: we know he’s been a teacher at some point recently (“teaching’s been more or less a way of making ends meet,” he explains evasively), but that he’s not anymore, and moreover that his gig as a teacher ended definitively enough to necessitate the family’s move from Vermont to Colorado. If it was paying the bills, you’d assume he’d stick with it instead of quitting and moving across the country to take a low-skill seasonal job as, essentially, a janitor. Perhaps this represents his desire to break from his workaday life and become the artist he imagines himself to be (note the stacks of books in his apartment), but then again, teaching ought to give him ample free time to write during the summer. I think it’s more likely that his current joblessness has more to do with his alcohol problems than his artistic ambitions (in fact, in the novel it’s clear that he got fired from his teaching job for attacking a student in a rage. That's not part of the script, but we do know he drunkenly hurt his own son --intentionally or not-- so it's not exactly a huge leap to imagine something similar).

You get the impression that employment for Jack has been a little spotty; Wendy doesn’t mention her career, but she does mention that Danny has been in daycare, strongly suggesting that she’s working at least part time to make ends meet (indeed, she clearly does all the work around the Overlook, while Jack writes). She may, in fact, be much more employable than Jack. Note that later on, when Wendy starts to worry that this job may not quite be the best thing for their family, Jack angrily assesses his options back in Boulder: “I could really write my own ticket if I went back to Boulder now, couldn’t I? Shoveling out driveways! Work at a carwash! Wouldn’t that appeal to you?” This is a curiously dismal estimation of his prospects, is it not? I mean, this guy was a teacher before, I’d have to imagine he has some level of college education. Surely he could always get another teaching gig, or work as a tutor, or even get a job writing copy or something. It's 1980 and he’s a white, college-educated man, for heaven's sake -- how do you manage to not be employed?! I think there’s a strong implication here that Jack is chronically unemployable, that he may even have a police record or terrible job history that would bar him from most professional endeavors. And now that he has, as he tells Wendy in the same tirade, “a chance to accomplish something,” what is his assessment of his writing career? “Lots of ideas. No good ones.” Even at this, he has nothing to contribute.*




And yet, who does Jack blame for his complete ineffectiveness? Everyone else, but especially Wendy. “Wendy, I have let you fuck up my life so far, but I am not gonna let you fuck this up,” he snarls at her, later ranting to his ghostly (imaginary?) bartender about the perceived pressure she puts him under, and the the unfair guilt she makes him feel. But of course, we can see that she does nothing of the sort; if anything, she’s ridiculously supportive of this shiftless, irresponsible asshole. “White man’s burden, Lloyd, my man . . . White man’s burden,” he says, as if he’s being unfairly asked to shoulder the weight of the world, when in fact, no one is asking anything of him except that he not drink to the point of physically abusing his son anymore.

That abuse is something else worth talking about. It's one of the many odd details which the script explicitly notes, but refuses to emphasize, despite its obvious centrality to the family dynamic. Both Jack and Wendy specifically reference this incident, and both speak about it in an oddly minimizing, not-exactly-convincing manner (using suspiciously identical language) as an "accident," and "completely unintentional." Wendy offers a positive spin on it to a clearly startled and uncomfortable doctor, which is interesting enough to read in full:

"Well it's just one of those things. You know... purely an accident, um. My husband had oh... been drinking, and he came home about three hours late, so he wasn't exactly in the greatest mood that night. And well Danny had scattered some of his school papers all over the room... and my husband grabbed his arm, you know, and pulled him away from them. It's...it's just the sort of thing you do a hundred times with a child - you know, in a park or on the streets - but on this particular occasion my husband just... used too much strength and he injured Danny's arm. Anyway, something good did come out of it all because he said: 'Wendy, I'm never gonna touch another drop and if I do you can leave me,' ['if I do, you can leave me' is about the most frighteningly controlling way of expressing this sentiment that one could imagine; it implies that she can't even leave him without his permission] and he didn't and he hasn't had any alcohol in eh five months."

Wendy is so laboriously trying to downplay the severity of this incident and emphasize its unintentional nature and the "good" that came from it, that I've watched audiences again and again completely ignore this scene, or at least forget about it almost immediately (though I doubt the doctor she's speaking to will do so; observe her barely-concealed shock at Wendy's forced-casual, off-handed tale of drunken child abuse that ended in a hospital. We also learn that his injuries --physical or psychological-- were severe enough that "we kept him out [of school] for a while." Or did Jack just demand he stay home until he had recovered, rather than face questions from authorities about what had happened?). But just because Wendy acts like it's no big deal doesn't mean that's true. In fact, although it happened before the events of the movie, the importance of this episode can hardly be overstated. It silently hangs over everything we see, and colors the relationships in ways which are only hinted at out loud.

And one last little detail, just in case you doubt that this is as important as I'm making it sound: the reason Wendy is telling the story to a doctor in the first place has nothing to do with Danny's arm. It's because when Danny had his "injury, so we kept him out [of school] for a while... I guess that's about the time when I first noticed that he was talking to 'Tony.'" This incident is the source from which most of THE SHINING springs -- Tony's intrusion into their lives, Danny's "shining," Jack's violence towards his family. We know that Danny's "Shining" is a real supernatural ability; he demonstrates it to Hallorann, and obviously knows things he otherwise could not. This leads us to assume that "Tony" is also supernatural, some kind of possessing spirit which begins residing with Danny at this point. But is that true? "These little episodes... are brought on by emotional factors," the Doctor tells Wendy. I submit that "Tony" --who, we'll later see, takes over when things get bleak-- isn't a ghost, but an aspect of Danny which was created to deal with his horrifying knowledge of his father's barely-suppressed violent resentful rage at him and his mother. Wendy can try and be hopeful about Jack -- at least he stopped drinking, that must mean he's trying to be better. Danny, with his "Shining," knows what's in his dad's heart, and has a clear view of his ever-growing hatred of his family. Jack is such a monster by this point that Danny can't even consciously deal with it, and has to create an alter-ego who can. "Why don't you want to go to the hotel?" Danny asks him. "I don't know," replies Tony. "You do too know, come on tell me." It's not that Tony has knowledge that Danny isn't privy to -- he knows things Danny doesn't want to know. Jack's mind --and the pall he casts on the family-- is so corrosive Danny literally can't deal with it.

That's made perfectly clear when we eventually get Jack's account of the same incident, told to the ghostly bartender Lloyd (a particularly relevant profession given the context). But it doesn't begin as a confession. In fact, it begins, unprompted, with a series of blatant lies: "I haven't laid a hand on him. Goddam it, I didn't. I wouldn't touch one hair of his goddam little head. I love the little son-of-a-bitch." We already know this is a lie, and it's not the first time we've heard it: earlier, when Danny catches his Dad staring psychotically off into space, he tries to reassure the kid with: "I love you, Danny... and I'd never do anything to hurt you, never... you know that, don't you, huh?" to which Danny mechanically responds, "Yes, Dad"** (affirming, on his father's command, a complete falsehood). There's a performative, rehearsed quality to both incidents, like this is a story Jack has told over and over again. Talking to Lloyd, though, his labored insistence that he's a benign, loving patriarch seems at odds with his mocking tone and uncomfortably aggressive language ("little son-of-a-bitch"). When Lloyd just stares at him (exactly the same way the doctor stares silently at Wendy), he adds, a little awkwardly, "I'd do anything for him. Any fucking thing for him."

Lloyd remains silent. Jack may be able to convince Wendy and Danny to validate his flattering fantasies about himself, but Lloyd just quietly regards him. And then the dam breaks and Jack suddenly snarls, "That damn bitch. As long as I live she'll never let me forget what happened!" The order in which Jack's "confession" plays out here is very interesting. He starts with a bunch of self-serving hyperbole about his great love for his son, and how magnanimous he is. But when he's forced to walk it back, the first thing that bubbles up out of him is not regret or guilt, but simmering fury at Wendy, for allegedly constantly reminding him about the incident (we see her bring it up exactly once in the whole movie -- and not to him, and only when prompted, and in an almost comically forgiving manner).

He goes on: "I did hurt him once, okay? It was an accident, completely unintentional. It could have happened to anybody. And it was three goddam years ago" (interestingly, Wendy says Jack "hasn't had any alcohol in five months." Has he fallen off the wagon, perhaps, a time or two since then? Or is he exaggerating his suffering again? Or is he simply beginning to lose his sense of time as a result of staying in Overlook?). He continues: "The little fucker [again, note his violently profane language to describe Danny] had thrown all my papers all over the floor. All I tried to do was to pull him up. A momentary loss of muscular coordination. I mean... a few extra foot pounds of energy, per second... per second." Note how similar this language is to Wendy's description. It's almost as if she's been coached to describe the incident exactly the way Jack wants it to be remembered, the same way Danny has been coached to assure his Dad that he knows he'd "never do anything to hurt [him]," despite the fact that both of them obviously know better.

Both Wendy and Jack describe the affair in ways which are transparently meant to minimize it, and especially to minimize Jack's responsibility. Wendy's telling, though, can't entirely disguise how sordid it was. She's so used to Jack's abusive ways that she thinks nothing of dropping the details that Jack had, "been drinking, and he came home about three hours late, so he wasn't exactly in the greatest mood that night," into a story which she claims is about a simple accident which occurred during a normal parent-child interaction which Jack says "could have happened to anyone" and she describes as, "the sort of thing you do a hundred times with a child - you know, in a park or on the streets." But I notice that Wendy has no trouble at all not hurting Danny. It doesn't seem so easy for Jack. This kind of willed innocence and forced normalization is intended to protect Jack, not Danny (it's also chillingly close to the way I've seen real-life abusers force their victims to pretend nothing is out of the ordinary).

On the surface, everything is fine, but of course deep down the whole family knows what really happened, and it hangs quietly over everything in the movie. And just in case you're still buying that this was an "accident" that "could have happened to anyone," check out Wendy's response when Danny shows up with his sweater torn and bruises on her neck. She doesn't have the slightest doubt who's responsible: "You did this to him, didn't you! You son of a bitch! You did this to him, didn't you! How could you? How could you?" she accuses, in the one moment of the whole film we see her actually confronting Jack instead of coddling him. Uncharacteristically cowed, he just shakes his head. We're later told that the female ghost from room 237 was the real culprit. But are we so sure about that? If so, it would mark the single, solitary time in the entire film where the ghosts actually harm anyone physically. Meanwhile, it immediately follows the scene where Jack has dreamed of brutally murdering Wendy and Danny. We don't see what Jack was up to prior to Danny's attack; in fact, when Wendy confronts him, he's sitting at his typewriter in an odd position, with his hands to his head in a position that could be read as regret, or shock. And note what Jack does after this accusation. Does he deny it? Does he chase after Danny and Wendy and ensure they're OK? Does he immediately warn them that it wasn't him, and there must be someone else --some dangerous person!-- loose in the building with them? Absolutely not. He goes to the bar and has the conversation with Lloyd that we've just seen.

That conversation ends with Wendy returning to apologize and explain that Danny has told her that his attacker was actually a "crazy woman in one of the rooms." Jack's reaction is not what one might expect. Danny's story ought to explain an otherwise baffling mystery; you might expect realization and validation, quickly transforming into concern over this apparently violent intruder. Instead he growls, "are you out of your fucking mind?" A very strange reaction from someone who is ostensibly innocent, and should therefore know the culprit has to be someone outside the family. Of course, Danny has told Wendy about this woman; she hasn't seen for herself. And remember, Danny's been trained to lie to protect Jack, we've already seen him do it. Frankly, it seems like Wendy is maybe a little over-eager to believe this "crazy woman" story, ready to accept any plausible story that doesn't involve considering the obvious alternative. But of course, it's completely plausible, even likely, based on everything that we've heard, that there is no "crazy woman" at all (note that Jack only "sees" her after hearing this story) and Danny is just covering up for his increasingly violent father again, maybe less out of loyalty than out of a fear of what he'll do next if they confront him about it. After all, Danny knows that's the kind of person Jack is: the kind of person who would abuse a child, and then loudly resent everyone else for making him feel bad about it, just as he resents the world for failing to adequately acknowledge how special he is.

Remind me again why anyone is ever on this guy's side?


Meanwhile, you’ve got Wendy. She seems mosey, hesitant, tentative, as you might expect someone living with this resentful, scapegoating monster to be. But the thing I noticed this go-round is that she’s actually not the weak-willed whiner that she’s usually cast to be; in fact, she’s remarkably proactive and effective at almost every turn. She’s shown to be a devoted and attentive mother, playing with Danny and pretty tuned in to how he’s doing (she’s the one who noticed Tony, even though she was working too). Even though Jack’s an asshole, she’s also incredibly helpful and supportive of him: observe her almost unbelievably sympathetic response to his nightmare about murdering her! She’s backing him up on his dream to be a writer --never once does she question how realistic it is, or show him anything but complete confidence--, and she does all this while maintaining the entire hotel by herself, as we see her cooking, cleaning, checking equipment and taking stock of their resources. She even checks in with the local law enforcement over the radio --partially, it seems, out of simple loneliness-- but also clearly to learn about the system in case of emergency.




And guess what, an emergency does arise, and you know what she does? Fuckin’ takes care of business. For all the talk about her being disempowered, she does a pretty terrific job of shutting down Jack’s murderous rampage. As soon as she realizes beyond a doubt that he’s gone insane, she grabs a baseball bat. Is she emotional about it? Pushed to the very brink by it? Of course, as anyone might be expected to be, particularly someone who's spent years getting demeaned and suffocated by a narcissistic asshole. But which one of them ends up getting whacked on the noggin and locked up in a pantry? Nicholson’s expression when she first makes contact is priceless -- he can’t fucking believe she’d do this to him. It’s such a perfect mixture of shock, umbrage, and self-pity that it basically sums up his entire character in one perfect image. He’s the one threatening her, and yet he feels completely unfairly victimized when she defends herself.


Heck, this one action alone would have solved everything; she doesn’t even have to kill him, he’ll survive in there until she can find help. Even after all this, she's still looking out for him, ensuring he'll have food and promising to return with a doctor. By any possible metric, she's won, and she still manages to have compassion for him. But, the Overlook Hotel is an asshole, and so Jack gets a second chance at murdering this 80 pound woman and her mentally ill son. How does that turn out? She successfully locks him out of the bathroom, sends her kid to safety out the window, fends off his attack with a knife -- remember, he has an ax!-- and gets to safety herself. Her contingency plans --the snow cat and the radio-- are both shut down, either by Jack or, perhaps, by the hotel itself. But she’s really doing pretty well defending herself and her son even before poor Hallorann comes along and gives her a way out (note that she knows how to drive the snowcat, presumably from practicing for just such an emergency). She even begins to “shine” towards the end, as she finally genuinely understands what’s happening here. Is she terrified? Sure, beyond words. But guess what, she fuckin' works through that shit and makes it out alive, while Jack is outsmarted by a child and freezes to death in the hedge maze like the chump that he is.




By the way, notice anything about Jack’s hand up there? No wedding ring. But Wendy has one:


If she has a flaw, it’s that she’s actually bought into Jack’s victim routine and stuck with him when she should have kicked him to the curb years ago. It should be obvious how much he’s given up on this family, and how he resents them and blames them for his own failures as a professional, as a father, and as a human being. She’s still trying to make it work, though, still hoping that maybe his newfound sobriety will allow him to change for the better. Of course, he just ends up resenting her for that, too.


Which brings us back to Kubrick’s treatment of the characters. Kubrick clearly wants the balance of power to be tipped in Jack’s favor, but that’s not the same as liking him. This is, I think, the trick Kubrick is pulling: he wants us to identify with Jack, and, at least to some degree, to empathize with his whining about how he's the victim, before he pulls the rug out from under us and demonstrates what a true monster he's really been all along. But this bait-and-switch only works if the audience first approaches the story from Jack's self-centered perspective, and that means it has to turn the victim (Wendy) into a credible source of antagonism for her victimizer (Jack). It works like a charm for the reasons I describe at the beginning of this essay: Nicholson is hamming it up like crazy, and Duvall looks so broken down she can hardly mumble out a line. But that's just the setup, and I think a lot of people never understood Kubrick's punchline, which is just how ridiculous it is for Jack to be both a bully and a failure. Wendy is living in fear of this guy. It’s obvious that she has been taking his abuse for a long time and internalizing it, feeling bad about herself and scared of his explosive temper. But when it comes down to it, she’s actually a far stronger person than he is. She’s always been more than a match for him --maybe that’s even partially why he resents her so much-- but she doesn’t know it yet, she feels too weak to stand up to him. And like the classic abused spouse, she not only doesn’t seem to blame him, she seems to think that she needs him, accepts the fantasy that even though she’s doing all the work, he’s the one who’s being victimized. But of course, that’s not true at all. Jack is just a selfish loser, and he’s asserting his power over the only two people left that might put up with it.


It’s doesn’t take much of a push, then, for the (possible) entities in the hotel to play on Jack’s insecurities and martyr complex, and to goad him into violence. Note that the ghosts tend to phrase their suggestions in very paternalistic terms. Jack’s wife and child need to be “corrected,” the subtext being that they have attempted to thwart his control and that he needs to reestablish it. His simmering rage comes out of his feeling that his "rightful place" as a man has been usurped --hence complaints about the "white man's burden" (a phrase which adds a intrinsically linked racial element dense enough for its own essay) and his openness to the ghost Grady's suggestion that his family is "willfull" and needs to be "corrected" and "perhaps a bit more." Of course, that's utterly absurd -- both Wendy and Danny are grotesquely deferential to him -- but for a guy as worthless and narcissistic as Jack, it'll never be enough. His ego requires not just adoration but complete control, and since he's such a worthless fuck the only thing he has any control over is his family, where even the slightest hint of discontent is enough to set him off into a rage. We see over and over in Kubrick’s filmography the ways in which the powerful manipulate weak men into committing violence -- You can see prominent threads of this in CLOCKWORK ORANGE, DR. STRANGELOVE, FULL METAL JACKET, and BARRY LYNDON among others-- and it’s here, in THE SHINING, that it may be most overt. Preying on Jack’s insecurity pushes his already fraying mental state into a frenzy of violent victim-blaming. But even here, he’s a failure, and maybe that was the hotel’s intent all along. Does it really want Wendy and Danny dead, or does it just want to reclaim Jack’s soul? (Hell, for that matter, do we even know it wants Jack? Maybe the whole debacle is actually the hotel’s way of forcing Wendy to finally confront Jack and realize her own power and his weakness. Maybe it's a SAW thing.)




Kubrick’s portrayal of the characters, then, is almost satirical in how blatantly ineffectual Jack is shown to be and how successful Wendy is against him, while the characters clearly see themselves in completely opposite terms. Although it’s not evident from their performances, I think THE SHINING may actually be something of an empowering film for abuse victims: the story of a lady who clearly doesn’t believe herself to have any power --maybe never even realizes she does, even by the film’s end-- but ultimately demonstrates that she's capable of standing up for herself when the chips are down. Does she ever understand this? Jack Torrance certainly never gets the chance to introspect, but I’d like to think that Wendy does. There’s a long-lost scene from the end of the film where Wendy and Danny talk to Tracy Ullman at a hospital after all the horror is over. Kubrick never lets us see the stuff he cut out, but I like to think that there’s a moment where Wendy suddenly realizes what she’s accomplished, looks at herself in the mirror, and --for the first time in the movie-- genuinely smiles.


Anyway, in conclusion, Stanley Kubrick faked the moon landing and the government killed him for it. I hope this essay makes it clear why. Hopefully now I will be able to go another year without writing 5,000 words about this damn movie.

* Since King saw The Shining as somewhat of an autobiographical work about his own struggles with alcohol, I’d wager Kubrick’s negative portrayal of Jack was a major factor in why he didn’t enjoy the adaptation. But in this, I think Kubrick’s typically cool, dispassionate read on the character is the better one; Jack didn’t become an asshole because he’s an alcoholic, he was always an asshole, and the alcohol just empowered him to avoid introspection about what a selfish bastard he is.

** If you needed any further proof that Jack demands his family protect his ego even at the cost of the truth, there you have it.




CHAINSAWNUKAH 2013 CHECKLIST!



  • LITERARY ADAPTATION: Yep, though not an especially faithful one, as Mr. King has pointed out bitterly on occasion.
  • SEQUEL: No.
  • REMAKE: Yep, King did his own mini-series in 1997 which is slavishly faithful to the book and about 1/100th as good.
  • HAMMER STUDIOS: No
  • SPAGHETTI NOCTURNE: No
  • MORE (PETER) CUSHING FOR THE PUSHING? No
  • SLUMMING A-LISTER: Nicholson, but working for Kubrick is pretty much the antithesis of slumming.
  • BOOBIES: No
  • DECAPITATIONS OR DE-LIMBING: No
  • ENTRAILS? No, lotta blood though.
  • CULTISTS: No
  • ZOMBIES: No
  • VAMPIRES: No
  • SLASHERS: Well, actually Jack does become something of a slasher. Hmmm.
  • CURSES: No
  • (UNCANNY) VALLEY OF THE DOLLS? No dolls.
  • OBSCURITY LEVEL: Low. Beloved Classic.
  • ALEX MADE IT THROUGH AWAKE: Hell yeah.


5 hooks, but let's be real, this oughtta be way higher. I'd give it five whole puzzleboxes if that didn't necessitate doing a whole new image for it when it's already December and I'm still writing reviews.